Inclusio.

World English Bible · public domain · copied, never composed

Scripture,
and everything under it.

A quiet reader for the Bible, set as a printed edition: the text in the column and, in the margin, only what can be shown — where these places actually are, what the translators themselves flagged, where the same words come back. Every claim says how to check it, and every chapter ends with a question instead of a next thing.

Choose a book Start with Jonah

Books about outsiders

Six short books, 393 verses in all. The shelf, and why each one is here.

  1. Jonah 4 chapters · 48 verses
  2. Ruth 4 chapters · 85 verses
  3. Esther 10 chapters · 167 verses
  4. Obadiah one chapter · 21 verses
  5. Nahum 3 chapters · 47 verses
  6. Philemon one chapter · 25 verses

Why it is called Inclusio

“Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach against it, for their wickedness has come up before me.”

Jonah 1:2 · God’s first words in the book

48 verses

Shouldn’t I be concerned for Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred twenty thousand persons who can’t discern between their right hand and their left hand, and also many animals?”

Jonah 4:11 · God’s last words in the book

A passage that closes on the words it opened with is an inclusio. Everything Jonah does happens inside that bracket — and noticing the shape is most of the work.

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